Tasks outsourced to CDMOs by pharmaceutical companies cover the entire value chain of a drug’s life cycle, from drug development and preclinical and clinical trials to commercial production. While traditional CMO services were centered on their core competencies in API bulk manufacturing and formulation, CDMOs have also moved into adjacent segments along the manufacturing value chain. These tasks, which in the past have been covered by pharmaceutical companies themselves or by contract research organizations, include medical chemistry, support for preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, and formulation and process analytics development.